Linux 会死机么?我可以很肯定地说,会!要让 Linux 死机很容易,但难的是在死机以后如何安全的让他摆脱死机状态,本文讲述如何从 linux 的死机状态中挣脱出来。
Linux 死机有很多种情况,最常见的是系统负载过高导致的。如上次介绍的 fork 炸弹就是这个原理,此外还可以运行内存耗用极大的程序(如虚拟机),也会迅速提升系统负载。由于系统负载过高导致的卡死,一定是解决的越快越好!此时必须记住的是,不能再试图依赖任何图形界面的东西,如 Gnome 的系统监视器(这是我从 Windows 遗留下来的愚昧习惯……),这只会继续加重这种卡死的局面。那怎么办?
不要怕,Linux 最初就是不需要图形界面的,因为有一个很强大的文字界面。按 Ctrl-Alt-F1(F1-F6 一般来说都可以),然后等一会儿,就会切换到 tty,也就是所谓的文字界面。这个时候需要用用户名密码登入。注意,可能键盘输入的速度比较慢,不过应该还是可以忍受的。下面在提示符后面输入 top 回车,这时会看到一张动态的表,上面列出了耗用资源最多的进程。观察它刷新一两次,按q退出,然后输入 kill
除了上面这种情况外,一些底层软件的 bug 也可能导致一些奇怪的死机问题。我某位同学近日就因为莫名其妙的死机强制重启把 ext4 的分区给伤了。(最后是 sysreccd 修复了,貌似是分区表部分损坏)据其说,死机是键鼠均无反应。一般来说,系统负载高导致的死机,在可怕键盘也会有反应,有人说如果死机到键盘无响应“负载 都无限大了”,亦有人说这可能是 X Server 与驱动配合有问题导致的。不过我们考虑一下遇到这种情况怎么办?
OK,这是今天才学到的方法,叫做 reisub,这个方法可以在各种情况下安全地重启计算机。大家在键盘上找,可以找到一个叫做“Sys Rq”的键,在台机的键盘上通常与 Prt Sc 共键,在笔记本可能在其他位置,如 Delete。以台机为例,要使用这种方法需要按住 Alt-Print(Sys Rq),然后依次按下 reisub 这几个键,按完 b 系统就会重启。
下面解释一下这个方法:其实 Sys Rq 是一种叫做系统请求的东西,按住 Alt-Print 的时候就相当于按住了 Sys Rq 键,这个时候输入的一切都会直接由 Linux 内核来处理,它可以进行许多低级操作。这个时候 reisub 中的每一个字母都是一个独立操作,他们分别表示:
unRaw 将键盘控制从 X Server 那里抢回来 tErminate 给所有进程发送 SIGTERM 信号,让他们自己解决善后 kIll 给所有进程发送 SIGKILL 信号,强制他们马上关闭 Sync 将所有数据同步至磁盘 Unmount 将所有分区挂载为只读模式 reBoot 重启
这6个字母的顺序是不可以记错的。那怎么记呢?这里提供一个个人认为比较好的方法:单词 busier(busy 的比较级,更忙)倒过来就是了。
基本上就这样了,Linux 的死机本来就不多见,现在见了也可以安全解决,多好~
2009年8月21日 23:09
前半部分关于TTY,之前也了解。
后半部分,关于reisub部分,学习了!TKS。。。
2009年8月21日 23:39
死机?不合适吧。真死机了除了hard reset还能干什么?叫失去响应或者无响应更合适吧?
另外服务器一般都是远程操作的,sysrq怎么用呢?
X挂掉,通常psuedo console就能搞定。通常大家也会开ssh,绝大多数情况下都能连上去杀进程,做重启前的收尾比如sync来commit。
关于sysrq,通常RHEL/OEL等Enterprise Linux默认都是关闭的需要事先开启才可以用。不过还是学习一下sysrq这个东西,从没用过,囧。
cat /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq,看了手头的几个桌面发行版本,只有Ubuntu默认是开的,Arch是关闭的。
BTW: 不知道是不支持Chrome还是我多次提交了,如果是多次,保留我最后一个comment吧,不好意思;-)
2009年8月22日 00:32
@Terry:
对于桌面用户而言,当桌面僵死时,用这个来搞一下,还是很方便的。
2009年8月22日 02:59
reisub这么好的方法今天才知道,谢谢博主了!
2009年8月22日 03:34
这个必须顶啊... 特别是刚从win转过来的用户, 碰到失去响应的情况真是完全束手无策的..
2009年8月22日 03:47
top后直接按k,然后提示输入pid...再提示kill级别...一般选8
一样达到kill -8 pid的效果
XD
2009年8月23日 21:47
linux强制reset有很大可能会坏分区。我都发生了二次了。
2009年8月24日 04:03
@peigen:
那个号码不是级别吧,应该是表示发送的信号的编号,8是表示进程出现浮点数异常,也是强制结束的
2009年8月24日 05:01
楼上正解..."级别"只是通用解释罢了...
2009年8月25日 05:27
噢,键盘和鼠标失去相应也可以busier吗?
thanks a lot.
记下来先
2009年8月25日 05:49
@tlhl28:
一般来说是没有问题的
2009年9月26日 22:57
在键盘失去响应的情况下,我从另一台电脑用ssh登录后然后reboot。
2009年10月02日 18:43
恕我愚钝
Alt-Print和SysRq是一个键吗?
2009年10月20日 00:11
受教了
2009年11月04日 01:43
挺有意思的
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