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获得当前目录名称的 4 种方法
翻译自： http://www.linux.com/feature/120291
在写 shell 脚本的时候，有时我们需要得到当前目录的名称，pwd 命令可以返回当前目录的完整路径，而不是目录名，如果要得到目录名，有下面 4 种方法：
basename
使用 basename 是最简单的方法：
basename /usr/local/bin
bin
bin
链接 basename 和pwd，就可获得当前目录：
cd /usr/local/bin
basename `pwd`
bin
basename `pwd`
bin
使用 ## 拆分变量
${var##pattern} 可以从 $var 变量中，去掉可以匹配 pattern 最大长度的字符串，所以，要获得目录名，可以：
cd /var/log/squid
echo ${PWD##*/}
squid
echo ${PWD##*/}
squid
$PWD 是保存目录完整路径的环境变量，pattern 就是 */，也就是去掉了前面所有的上级目录。
使用 awk 和 rev
cd /usr/share/cups/data
pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}' | rev
data
把结果分步显示，你就知道原理了：
pwd
/usr/share/cups/data
pwd | rev
atad/supc/erahs/rsu/
pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}'
atad
pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}' | rev
data
/usr/share/cups/data
pwd | rev
atad/supc/erahs/rsu/
pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}'
atad
pwd | rev | awk –F \/ '{print $1}' | rev
data
-F 选项是指定分隔符，目录之间分隔符为 /。
使用 sed
cd /home/smith/music
pwd | sed 's,^\(.*/\)\?\([^/]*\),\2,'
music
pwd | sed 's,^\(.*/\)\?\([^/]*\),\2,'
music
第一个 pattern，^\(.*/\)?，匹配 / 符号前所有的东西，第二个 [^/]* ，匹配剩余部分不包含 / 的部分。
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